Posts tagged: truss

Wooden trusses are by far the most popular type of roof structure material in the United States. According to recent sources, about 80 percent of all new housing construction utilizes wood trusses, at least in part, to build strong, functional roofs that incorporates any and all types of architectural styles.

Many builders understand that trusses are an economical approach to construction. However, even the builders who regularly use trusses often have little knowledge about how they are manufactured. How are roof trusses made, and what makes them so strong and durable yet lightweight and easy to install?

The Basics of Roof Truss Construction

Construction of roof trusses begins with the design of the particular truss style. All trusses rely on “force” members which are attached at nodes. The force members are usually the top and bottom chords of the roof truss which are attached in the middle with webbing. Exactly how the truss will be assembled is determined by the particular style the manufacturer wants to create–anything from a “king post” truss to a scissor truss. The members will bear the force, compression and torque that the roof is subjected to, making the truss’s ability to withstand these forces the primary focus of the design, no matter what style is chosen. The nodes are attached with truss plates, which are generally metal plates that are covered in spikes that grip the wood, making the connections strong and durable.

Design of any truss is usually rendered in 3D on a computer. A computer model is made of the final truss design so that the truss manufacturer and contractor can review the design and ensure it is right. After this, the design is downloaded into a software program that operates different types of saws, such as a miter saw or articulating head saw. These saws will cut the wood to the exact specifications of the design.

The wood used in trusses varies from one manufacturer to another, but the most commonly used woods are pine, spruce and douglas fir. The lumber is cut and then lined up using a machine that utilizes computer programs to optimize assembly. The final assembly is then concluded as the machines compress the metal plates to the wood to form a tight bond. The final trusses are checked by quality control to test their strength, precise measurements and other factors.

Once the trusses are completed, they are bundled together to fill orders and are shipped to the job site directly. This aspect of truss manufacturing means that builders can receive their entire order of trusses in a single day, allowing them to quickly complete a framing job when compared to traditional stick-built framing.

If you are a builder who wants to work with a company that produces quality trusses at a fair and reasonable price, give Stone Truss a call! With our decades of experience and state-of-the-art equipment, we can provide you with any size or style of wooden trusses you want. Contact us today and let us start designing your next truss roofing project!

The two most popular styles of roofing that utilize wooden trusses are hips and gables.  Both styles have advantages and disadvantages, and both can ultimately be a good choice for a home depending on the owner’s needs and preferences.  Either style can be strong and well-built using quality wood truss products, which will significantly reduce the cost and time spent on either style of roof.

Hip vs. Gable:  What’s the Difference? 

Hip and gable roofs are both quite common in today’s homes.  Gables, which feature two flat faces that form an “A” shape, may be slightly more common, especially on smaller homes, but hip roofs are often seen in areas where homes are custom built.  A hip roof has four sloping sides that meet at the top in a ridge.

From these basic definitions, there can be many variations.  For hip roofs, some of the varieties include:

• Pyramid hip. This is the simplest type of hip roof which creates a single peak at the top.  It is named for its pyramid shape and is often repeated in different sizes for a custom roofing look on a home.
• The mansard features two slopes on each side of the roof, with the bottom slope being steeper than the top.  A variation of the mansard, known as a combination roof, reverses this and flares the bottom slope wider than the top.  Both looks are popular in architectural styles that mimic certain historical periods.
• Hip and valley. A hip and valley roof is simply a series of hips that include low-lying areas known as valleys.  Care must be taken in constructing this type of roof to allow for proper water drainage so that rain and snow do not build up in low areas.

For gable roofs, varieties can include:

• Open or boxed gables. Most gables are either open at the end or closed in, with the roofline extending beyond the end of the gable.  These are known respectively as open or boxed gables and are common on ranch homes built in a straight, rectangular footprint.
• Cross gables. Another common method of utilizing gable roofing is to have gables make right angles to each other, forming a cross or even an L-shaped home.
• Gambrels and saltboxes. When gables are made with irregular shapes, the gambrel or saltbox is the result.  Gambrels are reminiscent of barn roofs, while saltboxes are popular on one-and-a-half story styles that slope down sharply in front but leave room for a second floor in the back.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Hips and Gables 

Both hip and gable roofs have advantages and disadvantages, based on their structure.

Advantages of hip roofs:

• Better performance in high winds. Because hips do not present a flat end surface to the wind, they are less likely to suffer from shear in high wind situations.
• Easier to build. Hip roofs are often easier to build than gable roofs and save time on construction jobs.  However, they often cost more than gables.
• May save on insurance. Some insurance companies give slightly lower rates for hip-roof houses because of their resistance to wind and stress.

Advantages of gable roofs include:

• Better snow performance. Gables are often used in cold-weather climates because they can handle snow load much more readily.
• Less expensive. Gables are usually cheaper to build than hip roofs, depending on size.
• More attic room. Gables offer more opportunity to utilize attic space, since headroom is more consistent throughout the roofline.

If you are considering a new roof or building project, let the professionals at Stone Truss help you decide on the right roofing trusses to make your job easier!  We can offer you experienced advice on choosing the right trusses for your job.  Give us a call today!

Many people have heard of wood trusses and know that they may save a great deal of time and money for builders on many different job types.  Whether the construction involves a small home, a commercial building, or even a large apartment complex, trusses are often used to cut the cost of materials and labor compared to conventional framing.  However, even though many people know that trusses save money, they may not understand the basics of what trusses are made of or how they work.  In fact, many people think that a truss building is quite complicated and that trusses are extremely difficult to design and build.

In reality, trusses are relatively simple structures that, nevertheless, are incredibly versatile and functional.  The basics of a truss roof allow for almost limitless variations, making roof trusses one of the most adaptable components on a construction job.

What Is A Wooden Roof Truss and How Is It Built?

A wooden roof truss is, at its simplest, are pieces of wood connected with metal plates and either nails or screws.  Some form of truss construction has actually been used for thousands of years, but the modern truss has been produced since about the 1960s.  By making trusses very uniform and easy to create, mass production was made possible. 

Wooden trusses that are connected with metal plates are by far the most common type used in residential applications.  The lumber used is typically 2 x 4 or 2 x 6 timber, often Doug Fir or Spruce Pine.   

The Parts of the Truss

A truss generally has three sides which make up its perimeter, although specialty trusses may have more.  The typical truss has a triangular shape made of members called “chords.”  Between these, a varying number of pieces called “webs” connect each of the chords together.  These are all held together with toothed metal plates that are pressed or screwed in place.  Once a truss is fabricated and put together, it is incredibly strong.  The metal plates provide security and anchoring, while the wood allows for a certain amount of flexibility, meaning that trusses can bend and flex to a degree in high winds or under stress, avoiding breakage.  Truss roofs often last for many years thanks to this durability.

Trusses are typically categorized two ways:  as parallel chord trusses, which are used in flooring or for flat roofing; and in the more common pitched chord trusses, which are used for sloped roofing.  With pitched chord trusses, variations in the angles of the members can create any roof pitch needed, allowing builders a wide range of creativity in roofing options. 

If you want to know more about truss roofing or flooring, the professionals at Stone Truss are happy to help!  Give us a call today to learn more about how we can help you save money and time on your next building project.